Morning mist rising off a calm Adirondack lake reflecting autumn foliage and the Wolfjaw mountain range at dawn
Techno-Economic Analysis, LCA, and Project Finance

From bench stoichiometry to project finance

Lab yields rarely survive first-of-a-kind commissioning, merchant feedstock swings, or Year-11 tax credit expiration on their first pass. Jonathan Sherwood delivers bankable techno-economic analyses (TEAs), life-cycle carbon assessments, and Reverse-TEA milestone targets that help clean-fuel, chemical, and biomaterials teams clear investor, grant, and lender diligence.

High Peaks Wilderness, NY, home of Upper and Lower Wolfjaw Mountains

Debt-service survival across scale-up TRL 4 bench to post-credit Plant #10
Comparison of an unbuffered pitch case assuming 92 percent Year-1 uptime against a collared and buffered underwriting path across Lab, Pilot, FOAK Plant 1, and Post-Credit NOAK stages 2.00x 1.60x 1.25x 0.90x Unbuffered Pitch Case (92% Yr-1 Uptime) Merrow FOAK Ramp Cliff (<50% Yr-1 Uptime) TEA and Reverse-TEA Gates Set FOAK Collar + AACE Class 4 (1.32x P90) Post-Credit NOAK Parity Non-Recourse Lender Covenant Floor (1.25x DSCR) TRL 4 Lab Stoichiometry TRL 6 Pilot Degradation and Scale FOAK Plant #1 Debt Covenant Gate NOAK Yr 11+ Credit Sunset Survival
First-of-a-kind (FOAK) plants miss debt service when Year-1 uptime assumptions ignore commissioning delays. Rigorous TEA modeling, early process targets, feedstock collars, and reserve sizing close that gap before capital is committed.
FOAK and NOAK TEA
First-principles mass and energy balances, AACE CapEx scaling, and empirical Merrow startup ramps
Reverse-TEA target solving
Closed-form yield, energy, and CapEx bounds back-solved based on investor criteria
Contract and credit structuring
Feedstock pass-through collars, Sec. 6418 transfers, and Year-11 sunset tests
Correlated risk and provenance
10,000-trial copula stress-tested against cascading worst-case scenarios
Practice Scope

Five disciplines under one roof

Techno-economic analysis, life-cycle carbon accounting, commercial contracting, and project finance usually sit in separate firms. Keeping them inside one analytical loop exposes fatal assumptions early, while reactor targets and commercial terms can still be adjusted.

First-principles TEA, mass balances, and empirical FOAK

Most techno-economic analyses fail in diligence because they assume linear lab-to-plant scaling. Every Wolfjaw TEA checks stoichiometry, mass and heat transfer bounds, catalyst replacement intervals, LCOx unit economics, and AACE Class 5 to Class 1 contingency grades.

  • Thermodynamic closure checks across conversion, selectivity, and purge losses
  • Empirical Merrow and RAND first-of-a-kind commissioning curves for Year-1 uptime
  • Differential Six-Tenths scaling across modular stacks (n = 0.80) and ISBL balance of plant (n = 0.60)
Physical Layer
Cost maturityAACE 18R-97 Class 5 to 1
FOAK uptime priorsFluid, hydromet, and solids curves
Learning standardWright's Law NOAK fleet scaling
Close-up of an illuminated quartz tubular catalytic reactor and brushed stainless-steel gas manifold in a clean-fuels research laboratory
Sustainable Scale-Up

Climate solutions cut emissions only when the economics survive scale-up

A promising low-carbon pathway still has to clear energy integration, sustainable feedstock supply, life-cycle carbon verification, and first-plant capital costs before it can displace fossil incumbents.

TEA and Reverse-TEA Frontier

Mapping TEA unit economics against lender and equity hurdles

A comprehensive TEA evaluates both where your process stands today (net LCOx, equity IRR, and P90 debt coverage) and what physical or commercial shifts are required to clear financing hurdles. Adjust the controls below to test how specific energy draw, installed reactor cost, and feedstock pass-through collars trade off during the federal credit window and after subsidies expire.

TEA and Reverse-TEA trade-off surface: clean molecular benchmark ($2.85/kg offtake)
Physical and commercial levers
50 kWh/kg
40 kWh/kg (Near HHV)62 kWh/kg (High Draw)
$1,250 / kW
$650/kW (NOAK)$1,900/kW (FOAK High)
50% Indexed
0% (Pure Merchant)80% (Protected Collar)
Underwriting policy horizon
Back-Solved Gap Readout: At 50 kWh/kg and $1,250/kW with a 50% collar, the plant sits inside the subsidized FOAK bankability envelope, yet requires $270/kW lower CapEx or a 6 kWh/kg efficiency gain before Year-10 tax credits sunset.
Interactive two-dimensional Reverse-TEA iso-return viability frontier plotting Specific Energy Intensity against Installed Reactor CapEx with thermodynamic limit and Subsidized FOAK versus Unsubsidized NOAK bankability boundaries 39.4 kWh/kg HHV Physical Limit TRL 4 Lab Pilot Target NOAK Target Current Design $1,900 $1,650 $1,400 $1,150 $900 $650/kW 42 48 54 60 kWh/kg Specific energy consumption (kWh/kg, lower left is higher efficiency)
Net realized LCOx
$1.87 / kg
Implied equity IRR
27.5%
P90 min operating DSCR
1.56x
Underwriting verdict
Policy-Bridged FOAK
View Tabular TEA and Reverse-TEA Reference Gate Benchmarks
Reference technology maturity coordinates evaluated against a $2.85/kg incumbent benchmark with a 50% offtake pass-through collar.
Maturity Gate Energy (kWh/kg) Installed CapEx ($/kW) Subsidized Regime Status Unsubsidized Parity Status
TRL 4 Lab Baseline 56 kWh/kg $1,680 / kW Covenant Shortfall (Requires Target Back-Solve) Unviable Without 22% Energy and 48% CapEx Compression
TRL 6 Pilot Target 50 kWh/kg $1,250 / kW Policy-Bridged FOAK Bankable (1.25x DSCR Met) Margin Exposed at Year-10 Tax Credit Sunset
NOAK Plant #10 Moat 43 kWh/kg $820 / kW Excess Coverage (High Equity Cash Sweep) Unsubsidized Incumbent Parity Achieved
Analytical Backbone

Every mandate runs on Wolfjaw Apex

Every TEA and underwriting opinion has to hold up when an independent engineer or lender opens the workbook. Client engagements run on Wolfjaw Apex, a proprietary 16-module deterministic TEA, policy, and project-finance codebase paired with a 10,000-trial copula risk suite.

Dual-regime policy stress Switch the Wolfjaw Apex output on the right between active federal credits and stripped unsubsidized operation to see how P90 returns and debt coverage shift on the same plant.
Zero balance sheet drift Automated verification checks confirm $0.00 balance sheet variance across 30 annual and 360 monthly periods, keeping the Excel workbook and Python simulation locked in step.
Wolfjaw Apex risk output: 10,000-trial copula (policy stack active)
Four-panel Wolfjaw Apex Monte Carlo Risk Dashboard with 45V, LCFS, and VCM policy credits active showing IRR distributions, NPV bankability S-curve, variance tornado, and LCOx versus minimum operating DSCR
45V, LCFS, and VCM Credits Active: P50 Equity IRR 18.6% | Prob(NPV > $0): 93.8% Base Calibration Drift: $0.00 Verified
Compare Policy-Active vs. Unsubsidized Stress Metrics
Observed 10,000-trial Gaussian-copula comparison from Wolfjaw Apex outputs.
Risk Metric Policy Stack Active (45V + LCFS + VCM) Credits Stripped (Commercial Stress)
Levered Equity IRR (P90 / P50 / P10) 5.1% / 18.6% / 28.4% -7.0% / 11.9% / 23.6%
Prob(Unlevered NPV > $0 at WACC) 93.8% (Base $4.86M) 78.0% (Base $3.24M)
Min Operating DSCR (Base / P90) 1.21x / 0.70x 1.01x / 0.52x
Prob(Debt Shortfall < 1.00x DSCR) 54.2% 82.8%
TEA and Reverse-TEA Unit Cost and Target Matrix
TEA and target outputs Net LCOx, max CapEx, min yield
Hurdle inputs Equity IRR, 1.25x P90 DSCR, market price
Dual columns Subsidized FOAK gate vs. unsubsidized NOAK
Forward TEA and milestone back-solver Quantifies current FOAK and NOAK unit economics alongside exact physical parameter gaps to commercial parity.
Debt and Offtake Sculpting 240-Month Waterfall
Debt sizing CFADS-sculpted non-recourse principal and LLCR
Contract stress Feedstock pass-through collar and floor indexation
Reserve accounts 6-month DSRA, MMRA, and tax-equity flip
CFADS-sculpted debt and collar stress Shows how pass-through offtake collars and reserve sizing protect lender debt service across ramp delays and spread compression.
Multi-Plant HoldCo FOAK to Plant #10
Unit scaling Modular stack (n = 0.80) vs. ISBL BOP (n = 0.60)
Contingency path AACE Class 4 FOAK reserve to Class 1 NOAK
Rollout logic Multi-vintage HoldCo equity and Wright's Law LCOx
Multi-vintage scale-up and parity roadmap Separates Plant #1 contingency realism from Plant #10 unit-cost competitiveness across multi-facility HoldCo rollouts.
Architectural view of brushed stainless-steel clean-chemical separation vessels and structural steel in crisp morning light
Credit-Committee Readiness

Built for independent engineers, lenders, and off-takers

Every cost curve, carbon-intensity factor, and commissioning schedule carries documented vendor or empirical provenance before a data room opens.

Clients

Separating buildable plants from polished pitch models

Clean-tech deal rooms are crowded with clean three-statement projections built on optimistic bench assumptions. Wolfjaw Analytics works on both sides of the table, helping capital allocators spot physical or policy traps early and helping technical founders resolve them before diligence.

Where early clean-tech models most often break in diligence
Diligence gate Common pitch claim Underwritten benchmark
Year-1 FOAK uptime 92% nameplate 45–55% Merrow prior
AACE Class 4 contingency +10% flat buffer +30–40% graded reserve
Sec. 6418 credit cash 100% statutory face 82–88% net after transfer
P90 minimum DSCR 1.45x unstressed 0.78x merchant / 1.25x+ collared
Capital allocators

Climate VCs, infrastructure PE, and venture studios

Independent TEA diligence and red-team interrogation separating sound process physics and survivable FOAK economics from fragile founder spreadsheets before investment committee votes.

Typical mandate: 5-day TEA and red-team audit
Tax and credit

Sec. 6418 credit buyers and project lenders

Underwriting 45V, 45Z, and 45Q qualification cliffs, hourly clean-power matching rules, and mass-balance integrity to size non-recourse debt and contain recapture exposure.

Typical mandate: 5-day TEA and red-team audit or single-asset TEA mandate
Founders and boards

Hard-tech founders and executive commercial teams

Bankable FOAK and NOAK TEA models, Reverse-TEA development targets, and ongoing Fractional Director of Commercial Viability advisory as pilot runs, vendor quotes, and offtake term sheets mature.

Typical mandate: Single-asset TEA and viability mandate plus fractional retainer
Industrials

Corporate off-takers and strategic decarbonizers

Green-premium analysis, feedstock pass-through collar design, and Scope 3 LCA verification across competing clean-fuel and chemical procurement options.

Typical mandate: Single-asset TEA or multi-plant platform and fractional advisory
Engineering and ventures

Equipment OEMs, accelerators, and university TTOs

Customer value-in-use TEAs for competitive equipment bids alongside cohort screening clinics and fixed-deliverable DOE, NSF SBIR, and NYSERDA subcontracts.

Typical mandate: Cohort viability triage or grant subcontract
Legal and disputes

Energy, environmental, and IP counsel

Audit-ready damages, project delay, patent-royalty, and tax-credit economic viability opinions built on provenance-tracked data to withstand cross-examination.

Typical mandate: Multi-plant platform and fractional advisory
Engagement Structure

Fixed-scope mandates with clear decision gates

Advisory work is structured around defined deliverables and fixed milestone fees rather than open-ended hourly billing. Every inquiry receives a written 1-page Scope Option Set and tailored fee schedule within one business day.

Accelerators and university TTOs

Cohort viability triage

Half-day screening clinic, up to 8 ventures
  • 4-hour live physics-to-capital viability and carbon compliance clinic
  • 30-minute red-team gate review for each participating venture
  • Standardized TEA, Reverse-TEA, and investor readiness scoring rubric

Scope boundary: Live triage and technical gate prioritization; custom asset modeling excluded.

Investors, lenders, and boards

5-day TEA and red-team audit

5 business days · 100% 30-day credit toward full mandate
  • Interrogation of conversion limits, Merrow startup curves, and FOAK CapEx contingency
  • 45V, 45Z, and 45Q carbon-intensity qualification and debt covenant stress review
  • 3 to 5 page Executive Viability Scorecard paired with a 60-minute committee debrief

Upgrade credit: 100% of the audit fee credits toward a Single-Asset TEA and Viability Mandate within 30 days.

Single-facility TEA and underwriting

Single-asset TEA and viability mandate

3 to 4 weeks · Configured Wolfjaw Apex delivery plus 30-day defense
  • Full FOAK and NOAK techno-economic analysis (TEA) with AACE 18R-97 CapEx scaling and Merrow startup curves
  • Closed-form Reverse-TEA milestone targets and two-dimensional iso-return frontier
  • Coupled GREET or OpenLCA carbon compliance alongside Sec. 6418 monetization planning
  • CFADS-sculpted debt schedule, delivered Wolfjaw Apex workbook, and 30 days of diligence defense

Audit lock: Delivered configured Wolfjaw Apex workbook checked to zero balance sheet drift.

Multi-plant and ongoing advisory

Platform scale-up and fractional advisory

6 to 8 week HoldCo build, fractional viability retainer, or dispute support
  • Multi-facility HoldCo rollout with nodal power and regional feedstock coupling
  • Offtake pass-through collar and tax-equity flip structuring across plant vintages
  • 10,000-trial Python copula simulation paired with vendor-graded BOE data-room records
  • Ongoing Fractional Director of Commercial Viability or expert dispute support

Accelerated options: Expedited deal-room timelines and quarterly board retainers arranged during scoping.

Federal and state grant subcontracts (DOE, NSF SBIR, USDA, NYSERDA)

Wolfjaw Analytics serves as a named commercialization, TEA, and LCA partner on Phase I and Phase II proposals, providing fixed-deliverable subcontracts, Letters of Support, and ISO-14044 or GREET compliance workplans.

Request grant scope
Black and white studio portrait of Jonathan Sherwood, Principal of Wolfjaw Analytics
Jonathan Sherwood, MBA Principal and Founder · LinkedIn Profile
Wolfjaw Analytics mark
Principal

Jonathan Sherwood

Founder and Principal, Wolfjaw Analytics

A process only becomes an investable business when its mass balance, carbon intensity, offtake contract, and debt covenants all hold under the same set of assumptions.

Jonathan Sherwood founded Wolfjaw Analytics after more than fifteen years building techno-economic analyses, industrial pricing systems, commercial feasibility models, and scale-up roadmaps across clean energy, chemicals, and specialty manufacturing. He holds an MBA from the Simon Business School at the University of Rochester.

His work focuses on the handoff where technical teams and capital providers often talk past each other: translating reactor yields, catalyst life, and GREET or ISO-14044 life-cycle carbon accounting into contract terms and cash-flow structures that investment bankers, corporate off-takers, and federal reviewers can underwrite.

Jonathan leads every engagement directly from initial scoping through board or credit-committee review, pairing hands-on commercial judgment with the Wolfjaw Apex codebase and an internal library of vendor quotes and FOAK commissioning benchmarks.

Commercialization and pricing Authored $3.8 million in state and federal grant awards, and built more than 100 industrial pricing engines.
TEA and analytical systems Developer of Wolfjaw Apex for full FOAK-to-NOAK TEAs, closed-form Reverse-TEA solvers, and 10,000-trial Gaussian-copula underwriting.
Board and lender fluency Simon MBA and published author translating process bottlenecks, feedstock collars, and carbon-intensity rules into clear capital decisions.
Contact

Scope an engagement

Reveal direct contact details to share your process and timeline. Replies include a 1-page scope, fixed-fee schedule, and call times (11:00 AM or 2:00 PM ET) within one business day.

Direct contact

(displays on click to block data harvesters)

Email
Phone
LinkedIn
Terms
Fixed milestone retainers only; no hourly billing or sweat equity.

Wolfjaw Apex Risk Dashboard: 10,000-Trial Monte Carlo Run (Policy Stack Active)

Full-resolution Wolfjaw Apex Monte Carlo Risk Dashboard showing IRR probability histograms, NPV S-curve, variance contribution tornado, and LCOx vs minimum operating DSCR scatter plot